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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">xxxx-xxxx</issn><issn pub-type="epub">xxxx-xxxx</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48314/anowa.v1i1.54</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Single-period set covering location problem, Multi-period set covering location problem, Uncertainty, Robust optimization</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Multi and Single-Period Uncertain Set Covering Location Problems with Robust Optimization Approach</article-title><subtitle>Multi and Single-Period Uncertain Set Covering Location Problems with Robust Optimization Approach</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Rezvani </surname>
		<given-names>Samaneh </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Science in Optimization, University of Bojnord, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname> Moeen Moghadas</surname>
		<given-names>Foroogh </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Bojnord, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Dadi</surname>
		<given-names>Zohreh </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Bojnord, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Multi and Single-Period Uncertain Set Covering Location Problems with Robust Optimization Approach</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			In recent years, covering location problems, owing to their numerous applications, have attracted  significant attention. Since to the presence of uncertainty in real world data, in this paper a Single-Period Set Covering Location Problem (SPSCLP) as well as a Multi-Period Set Covering Location Problem (MPSCLP) under uncertainty in fixed establishment cost parameter are discussed by robust optimization approach. Various  robust optimization approaches such as box approach, ellipsoidal approach and conservatism by adjustment approach are developed to this end. The robust counterparts of  SPSCLP and MPSCLP are presented and then OR-Library dataset are  used to analyze the models.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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